Isihloko 1 sesu lomkhakha wemishini yokwakha: umoya noma ibhanela? Izesekeli zemishini yokwakha yaseNdiya, ithuluzi lebhakede lekati
Kuleli phepha, elithi “umoya” libhekisela esicini senqubomgomo sokukhula okuzinzile, elithi “inhliziyo” libhekisela ekushintsheni kwentengo yesitoko semishini yokwakha, kanti elithi “ifulegi” libhekisela ekushintsheni okuyisisekelo kwemishini yokwakha. Ngokuhlaziya izinguquko zenqubomgomo, ukusebenza kwentengo yesitoko yomlando kanye nezisekelo zezimboni, sizama ukuthola ubudlelwano phakathi kwalokhu okuthathu. Kusukela ngoMashi, umoya wenqubomgomo yokukhula okuzinzile uye wafudumala kancane kancane, futhi izikhathi eziningana emlandweni, inqubomgomo yokukhula okuzinzile ibonise ukuhlobana nentengo yesitoko semishini yokwakha; Ngo-2022, isidingo semboni yemishini yokwakha kulindeleke ukuthi sibone ukuthuthuka okuncane. Izesekeli zemishini yokwakha yaseNdiya, ithuluzi lebhakede lekati
“Umoya” wenqubomgomo yokukhula okuqhubekayo ufikile.
1) Inqubomgomo yokukhula okuqhubekayo kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke. Ingqungquthela yomsebenzi wezomnotho ophakathi iphakamise ukuthi umsebenzi wezomnotho ngo-2022 kufanele uzinzile futhi ufune intuthuko ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuzinza, ikhomba isiqondiso sokukhula okuqhubekayo kwezimboni. Ukuze kuqaliswe izinqumo namalungiselelo eKomidi Eliphakathi le-CPC kanye noMkhandlu Kahulumeni futhi kudlale indima egcwele "ye-ballast" yezomnotho omkhulu, iKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa Kazwelonke kanye noMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ngokubambisana bakhiphe izinqubomgomo eziningana zokukhuthaza ukukhula okuqhubekayo komnotho wezimboni namaqembu afanele muva nje, ukuze kwandiswe umphumela wenqubomgomo, kukhuthazwe ngempumelelo ukusebenza okuqhubekayo komnotho wezimboni futhi kulwele ukuzinzisa isimo sezomnotho omkhulu. Muva nje, ukusabalala kwezinga lenzalo lamabhondi e-US Treasury ase-China ase-US eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwaba phansi, okungase kubangele ukwethula izinqubomgomo zokukhula okuzinzile.
2) Ukulawulwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda okuphikisanayo kuyaqhubeka nokugqama. Ngo-Ephreli 7, i-China Railway yamemezela idatha yokusebenza kwekota yokuqala ka-2022. Inani lenkontileka yokwakha inhloko-dolobha esanda kusayinwa ye-China Railway kwikota yokuqala lafinyelela ku-543.45 billion yuan, ukwanda okungu-94.1% unyaka nonyaka. Inani lenkontileka yokwakha inhloko-dolobha esanda kusayinwa kwikota yokuqala lafinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu esikhathini esifanayo emlandweni. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuFebhuwari, izinga lokukhula kokutshalwa kwezimali kwempahla engaguquki yengqalasizinda landa ngo-8.6% unyaka nonyaka, futhi izinga lokukhula landa kancane kancane. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuFebhuwari, inani lezibopho ezikhethekile ezikhishwe ohulumeni basekhaya lafinyelela ku-971.9 billion yuan, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-452.8%; Inqubekela phambili yokukhishwa kwezibopho ezikhethekile zohulumeni basekhaya ishesha kakhulu kunaleyo yeminyaka edlule, futhi ukuqaliswa kwamaphrojekthi amakhulu kulindeleke ukuthi kusheshise. Izesekeli zemishini yokwakha yaseNdiya, ithuluzi lebhakede lekati
3) Inqubomgomo yokulawula izindlu iholele ekuphumuleni okulinganiselwe. Kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka, izinqubomgomo zokulawula izindlu ziqhubeke nokuba zikhululekile. Kusukela ekusekeleni isidingo esifanelekile sokuthengwa kwezindlu nokwandisa inzuzo yamaphrojekthi emakethe yomhlaba, sithuthukise umkhuba wokwehla kokuhlinzekwa okubuthakathaka kanye nesidingo emakethe yezindlu. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuFebhuwari, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqediwe ekuthuthukisweni kwezindlu kukhuphuke ngo-3.7% unyaka nonyaka, indawo entsha yokwakha yehle ngo-12.2% unyaka nonyaka, kanti indawo entsha yokwakha yaqhubeka nokukhula kabi. Njengensimu ebalulekile engezansi embonini yemishini yokwakha, ukuphumula okulinganiselwe kwenqubomgomo yezindlu kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubekisele phambili ukubuyiselwa kwesidingo embonini yemishini yokwakha.
Indlela yokushintsha "inhliziyo" yentengo yamasheya emishini yokwakha
1) Izinqubomgomo eziningana zokukhula okuzinzile emlandweni ziye zabangela ukuba intengo yamasheya emkhakheni wemishini yokwakha ikhuphuke. Uma sibheka emuva eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, iShayina ibilokhu ibhekene cishe nezigameko ezinhlanu zokukhula okuqhubekayo ngo-2008-2009, 2012, 2014-2015, 2018-2019 kanye no-2020.
Uma sithatha i-Sany Heavy Industry njengesibonelo, ukwenyuka nokwehla okuphezulu kwentengo yamasheya kaSany kulezi zikhathi ezinhlanu ezingenhla kwakungu-89.5%, 22.3%, 118.0%, 60.3% kanye no-148.2% ngokulandelana, kanti ukwenyuka nokwehla kobubanzi kwakungu-49.3%, – 13.9%, – 24.2%, 52.7% kanye no-146.9% ngokulandelana.
Kungatholakala ukuthi inqubomgomo yokukhula okuqhubekayo idlale indima ethile ekukhuphuleni intengo yamasheya emkhakheni wemishini yokwakha.
2) Imishini yokwakha isengabamba iwindi lokutshalwa kwezimali elingcono emjikelezweni wokwehla. Sigxila ekuhlaziyeni ukusebenza kwentengo yesitoko seSany Heavy Industry emjikelezweni wokwehla kwemboni yemishini yokwakha kusukela ngo-2012 kuya ku-2016, okungaba nokubaluleka kokubhekisela kokutshalwa kwezimali kulesi sigaba:
Ngokomlando, inqubomgomo yokukhula okuqhubekayo idlale umthelela omuhle wokubangela intengo yamasheya eSany Heavy Industry, futhi amathuba okutshala imali angcono asengatholakala emjikelezweni wokwehla. Sikholelwa ukuthi iphuzu lokunyuka kokusebenza, iphuzu lokunyuka kwe-oda kanye nephuzu lokunyuka okulindelekile lokuhleleka kuyisihluthulelo sokwahlulela ukusebenza kwentengo yesitoko somkhakha wemishini yokwakha; Ushintsho olulindelekile lwama-oda lungaholela ekusabeleni kwentengo yesitoko ekuqaleni, futhi ukusebenza kungaba yisibonakaliso esibambekayo emjikelezweni wokwehla.
3) Lo mjikelezo wokulungiswa okubukhali entengo yamasheya emkhakheni wemishini yokwakha ubonakalise ngokugcwele ukulindela okungenathemba kwale mboni. Kusukela ngo-2021, amanani amasheya eSany, Zoomlion, XCMG, Hengli kanye namanye amabhizinisi emishini yokwakha alungiswe kakhulu, ngokwehla okungu-61.9%, 55.1%, 33.0% kanye no-62.0% ngokulandelana kusukela esicongweni sokugcina sentengo yamasheya. Kusukela kwikota yesibili ka-2021, idatha yokuthengisa yonyaka nonyaka yemikhiqizo yemishini yokwakha efana nemishini yokumba, ama-crane amaloli kanye namaloli okupompa iqhubekile nokwehla. Imakethe ngokuvamile ikholelwa ukuthi imboni yemishini yokwakha ingenise umjikelezo we-peak/down ngemuva komjikelezo weminyaka emihlanu okhuphukayo, futhi intengo yesitoko nayo ibonisa lokhu kulindela okungenathemba. Uma isidingo semboni kulindeleke ukuthi sithuthuke kancane ngo-2022, sinesizathu sokulindela ukuthi intengo yesitoko izinze futhi ibuye. Izesekeli zemishini yokwakha yaseNdiya, ithuluzi lebhakede lekati
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-15-2022
